National Aviation Week: Captain David Friel's Flight Journal

National Aviation Week: Captain David Friel's Flight Journal

  • August 19, 2023
A smiling man in a cockpit, wearing a pilot's uniform and a red baseball cap

Captain David Friel

In 2022, David Friel, a former commercial and naval aviation pilot, donated his personal flight journal to the 9/11 Museum’s permanent collection. The fall of 2001 saw Friel completing the final weeks of his aviation career, serving as a Captain with Trans World Airlines (TWA). He started flying in May 1965, first gaining experience as a pilot for the United States Navy before transitioning to commercial aviation in the 1980s. However, by May 2000, Friel’s impending retirement inspired him to start maintaining a personal journal that detailed his professional background and the flights he piloted over the final eighteen months of his career.

On the morning of September 11th, 2001, Friel was assigned to fly from St. Louis to San Francisco, with a departure time of 8:35am CDT (9:35am EDT). While awaiting departure in the cockpit of his aircraft, Friel’s flight crew was alerted for the first time to the attacks at the World Trade Center. Noting in his journal that the sky was “clear all the way to the East Coast,” Friel and his First Officer struggled to make sense of how two separate airplanes could strike the New York City icons. On a piece of scratch paper taped inside of the journal, Friel scribbled the flight numbers of the four hijacked aircraft, their points of departure, and their intended destinations. Shortly thereafter, the FAA mandated that all flights be grounded, forcing Friel’s aircraft to standby on the tarmac for over two hours as other diverted flights made impromptu landings in St. Louis. While waiting, he tried many times to call his wife using a cell phone, but services were overwhelmed.

A brown spiral-bound journal with a photograph of David Friel embedded in cover

Once he and his crew finally deplaned, an airline union representative advised that they remove their uniforms due to fears that airline personnel themselves were terrorist targets. TWA ultimately provided Friel and other members of its flight crews with complimentary accommodations at an inn near the airport, in anticipation of the nationwide grounding being lifted for flights to resume. Friel remained in St. Louis for two days and nights before finally being cleared to fly home to Maryland on Thursday, September 13. Friel continued flying for TWA through October 17, 2001, which marked the final flight of his commercial aviation career. During the month between the attacks and his retirement, Friel recalled how several passengers thanked him for being brave enough to continue flying and wished him well on his post-piloting endeavors.

To learn more about David and the journal he kept on September 11th, please read his Q & A below:

What is the story behind your journal?
As I approached the end of my flying career (20 years in the US Navy and 17 years with TWA [Trans World Airlines]), I decided I wanted to leave more than some boring log books about my flying experiences. Log books typically note only the date, aircraft identification, flight time, and the instrument or visual flight conditions, along with to/from locations. A journal gave me the option to add things like the aircraft weight, number of passengers, name of the copilot and the ability to expand on any notable events that happened during a particular flight. For instance, on a flight from Portland, Oregon north to Anchorage, Alaska we saw the sun set below the horizon three times (Did that make me two days older?).  As the events of 9/11 happened, I noted them so that I could relate my experiences of that day to my family and friends.

Why did you decide to donate the journal?
Around the 20th anniversary of 9/11, I wondered if my journal might contribute to a wider understanding of the events of that day, and how the events of 9/11 affected a peripheral participant (me). I visited the 9/11 Memorial & Museum in 2012 and was very impressed. In 2021, I thought that the Museum would be be interested in the journal.  My family and some select friends agreed that my journal might have historical value and would be better utilized by a museum, rather than hidden away with family keepsakes. I volunteer as a docent with the 390th Memorial Museum, located at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona, and know firsthand how the personal stories of the men from the 390th Bomb Group have a great impact on our visitors.

What do you hope your journal tells people? 
I hope it brings home to people that Americans felt threatened that day, no matter where we were – even at the center of our country in St Louis, MO [where I was].

Why is the Museum's role important to future generations?
Humans don't seem to learn well from studying the past, unless it’s presented with visual and auditory artifacts which relate directly to the ordinary human experience of a particular historical event. The 9/11 Memorial Museum preserves a comprehensive and in-depth depiction of how hatred can be so destructive to our common humanity.

Anything to add?
I hope the journal helps the 9/11 Memorial & Museum tell the story of 9/11 to a wider audience.

By Dylan Williams, Curatorial Assistant at the 9/11 Memorial & Museum

Ephemera: Premiere of Oliver Stone's World Trade Center

Ephemera: Premiere of Oliver Stone's World Trade Center

  • July 15, 2022
A document with a blue PARAMOUNT logo at the top and black text
Courtesy Michael Ragsdale

Michael Ragsdale has been amassing New York City event-specific ephemera and autographs since 1997, having taken up collecting as while working as a cameraman for C-SPAN, Columbia University, the Manhattan Institute, and the New York-Presbyterian Hospitals of Columbia and Cornell. In the wake of September 11, he began focusing on items pertaining to the attacks and their aftermath. Here, he recalls attending the premiere of the film World Trade Center and the autograph he acquired there. 

The world premiere of the film World Trade Center occurred in New York City on August 3, 2006. I was there to witness the Hollywood-style festivities. The film’s actors, director, and writers were there as well as former city and state leaders. The film was viewed in the magnificent Ziegfeld Theatre in Manhattan and a tent was constructed on the street in front of the theatre where photographers could take pictures of the celebrities. I saw the continuous flashes from cameras and heard the dialogue between the photographers and actors through openings in the tent. The film starred Nicolas Cage, Michael Peña, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Stephen Dorff, Sofia Coppola, and Maria Bello, and was directed by Oliver Stone. Also in attendance were George Pataki, Rudy Giuliani, and many of the retired Port Authority police officers portrayed in the film. While there, I gathered an official press kit and got U.S. Rep. Peter King (R-NY), then the Chairman of the House Committee on Homeland Security, to autograph an official press release. 

Teacher Appreciation Week: Ada Dolch

Teacher Appreciation Week: Ada Dolch

  • May 6, 2022
  • A woman with short, dark hair and red glasses, wearing a light blue shirt, smiles.
  • A woman with mid-length dark hair, wearing a white tank top and small hoop earrings, smiles.

Ada Rosario Dolch, left, and her sister Wendy Rosario Wakeford. 

As part of Teacher Appreciation Week, we proudly to share the story of 9/11 family member and extraordinarily courageous educator Ada Rosario Dolch.

On the morning of September 11, 2001, Ada Rosario Dolch – principal of the High School for Leadership and Public Service in lower Manhattan – observed a school full of students preparing for classes and local residents casting votes in the city’s mayoral primary election. At 8:30 a.m. she left the building intending to walk across the street to the World Trade Center to buy a replacement battery for her watch.

She never made it outside. As she reached the lobby, the lights in the building flickered off and then back on, followed by a tremendous boom. People began pouring into the lobby with descriptions of a large airplane striking the North Tower. Dolch’s first thought was, “Oh my God, my sister Wendy is there. God please, you have to take care of Wendy because I have to take care of the kids.” Ada’s sister, Wendy Rosario Wakeford, worked on the 105th floor of the North Tower for Cantor Fitzgerald.

Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03 a.m., the South Tower was deliberately struck by a second hijacked plane, and Dolch knew it was time to evacuate. She immediately directed her staff to head to Battery Park, a location safe from the skyscrapers of lower Manhattan and large enough for all the students and staff. Dolch stood watch at the front door of the school as large groups of students – led by teachers – held each other’s hands and made their way to the park.

She was within one block of the park when the South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. Fearing for her life, she jumped over a fence and huddled beside a tree with a group of women before darkness overwhelmed her. Debris from the oncoming dust cloud filled her throat. All went dark, then gray, and as light began to peak through the dust, she immediately thought of her students. She grabbed her handheld radio to check on them, communicating with school safety officers, deans, and the assistant principals who confirmed their safety.

A black hand-held radio against a dark blue background
Photo: Jin S. Lee

The hand-held radio Dolch used on the morning of September 11.

Dolch was reunited with many of her students and staff from the school by 11 a.m., and started walking home to Brooklyn with a group them. It was then that her focus shifted to Wendy. She would learn later that, along with 657 of her Cantor Fitzgerald co-workers in the offices that morning, Wendy had been killed. 

Soon after 9/11, volunteers from across the country descended upon New York City to help support the rescue, recovery, and clean-up efforts at Ground Zero. Among them was a group of real estate brokers from California who had read about Dolch and her students and wanted to help. When they met her in New York, they asked Dolch about Wendy’s legacy.

She replied, “I’m an educator; there’s only one thing I know, and that’s education. And if we don’t teach, how will we ever learn? So we have to do something about schooling to memorialize Wendy.”

In that moment, they decided to build a school in Afghanistan. 

On July 4, 2005, that school opened its doors to over 200 students, including 25 girls. For 25 years up until that point, girls in the town had been banned from attending school. A sign adorned with Wendy's name, in Farsi, stands at the school, along with a small garden created in her memory – growing flowers on the otherwise barren, hard land.

Click here to watch Ada tell her story as a part of the Anniversary in the Schools program and find teaching guides for grades 3-12.

By Megan Jones, Vice President of Education Programs

Preserving History: The Flight 93 Gateway

Preserving History: The Flight 93 Gateway

  • April 8, 2022
  • An airport gateway - with a sign that says "17" - sits amid rubble
  • A large truck with a sign that says "Oversize Load" carrying the airport gateway
  • A group of law enforcement and government officials stand against a blue sky with green palm trees
  • A crane raises the American flag over the jetway, which appears on the bed of a large truck

Driving down the stretch of highway from New Jersey to Georgia between March 22 and 25, one may have seen an unusual sight: hints of a gargantuan enclosed walking bridge or passenger gateway. This unusual artifact — commonly used to board airline flights — was being transported on an equally massive truck while escorted by police vehicles from Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The precious cargo — officially known as Jetway 17 — had been the last stretch between ground and aircraft tread by passengers and crew of United Flight 93 when boarding the ill-fated Boeing 757 at its Newark International Airport departure date on September 11, 2001. It was now en route to its new home at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Glynco, GA.

Over the past two months, preserving Jetway 17 had been the focus of a group of historians, museum curators, advocates, law enforcement agencies, fire department veterans, and others. A resonant piece of history from that awful morning, the gateway also serves as a reminder of the strength and courage of the passengers and crew members who made the ultimate sacrifice to save the lives of others, and potentially avert another strike in the nation’s capitol. But sorting out the logistics of removing, transporting, and housing the 85-foot structure was no small feat.

“We reached out to everybody we could to find this historical object an appropriate home,” said Sam Young, Unit Chief, Terrorist Screening Center (TSC). “Law enforcement agencies, museums, any organization that could help us preserve and house this. We even considered breaking it up and sending portions of it to different places.”

Eventually FLETC, with its mission to “…safeguard the American people, our homeland, and institutions,” emerged as a fitting choice to house this symbol of American bravery and collective action. Making the choice more poignant is the fact that FLETC-trained officer Special Agent Richard J. Guadagno, who grew up in New Jersey, was one of the passengers killed on Flight 93.

On the morning of 9/11, 44 passengers and crew walked through Jetway 17 to board transcontinental Flight 93, headed to San Francisco. At the time, there was no indication that anything was amiss. Forty-six minutes after takeoff, terrorists stormed the cockpit and hijacked the plane, seemingly intending to crash it into the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, DC. They were unsuccessful as passengers and crew overtook them and attempted to take back control of the plane. It eventually crashed in a field in Shanksville, PA, killing everyone on board.

“The heroes on board Flight 93 took their last steps on earth through this gateway,” said Young. “For anyone working in law enforcement or counterterrorism, it is a reminder of the reason we work so hard and why we do what we do. It motivates us to do our jobs to the very best of our abilities because of what’s at stake.”

By 9/11 Memorial Staff

Ephemera: New York. Still Standing Tall.

Ephemera: New York. Still Standing Tall.

  • February 28, 2022
A slightly battered poster with the text ATTENTION TERRORISTS in red, and IF YOU REALLY WANTED TO INSTILL FEAR IN NEW YORKERS, YOU SHOULD HAVE DONE SOMETHING BEFORE STEINBRENNER CAME BACK in black, with NEW YORK. STILL STANDING TALL in red at the bottom.

Two days ago, we marked the 29th anniversary of the first attack on the World Trade Center. At 12:18 p.m. on February 26, 1993, a small cell of terrorists detonated approximately 1,200 pounds of explosives in the North Tower's underground garage. The bombing created a five-story crater, 150 feet wide and filled with 4,000 tons of rubble, in the sub-grade levels of the towers, also undermining the floor of an adjoining hotel. Six people were killed in the attack: Port Authority co-workers Robert KirkpatrickStephen KnappWilliam MackoMonica Rodriguez Smith and her unborn child; Windows on the World employee Wilfredo Mercado; and John DiGiovanni, a visitor who had parked in the garage. More than 1,000 others were injured. 

Moments before the bomb’s blast, at his office in midtown, William (Bill) Lynch was on the phone with his brother Pat, who worked at 2 World Trade Center, when Pat interrupted suddenly and said he had to go. Bill next read an incoming news bulletin about an explosion in the vicinity of the Twin Towers. He and his coworkers initially assumed a faulty gas line or transformer had exploded. Thankfully, his brother Pat had safely evacuated.

In the aftermath of the attack, Bill noticed the appearance of several posters around Soho and the West Village, where he lived. All bore the tagline: "New York. Still standing tall." One of them, affixed to a mailbox, caught his eye in particular. It read: “ATTENTION TERRORISTS: If you really wanted to instill fear in New Yorkers you should have done something before Steinbrenner came back.” Referencing the surprise return of Yankees owner George Steinbrenner from a two-year suspension, this imperturbable New York response motivated him to remove the poster for posterity. 

He recalls that the poster seemed “to capture the attitude of defiance in the city at that moment in time.” Bill had accidentally torn the right edge a little bit while removing it, and the slightly tattered appearance reminded him of the bomb's impact: it had left a wound mark, but the Twin Towers were still standing tall. Recently, Bill donated the poster to the 9/11 Memorial & Museum.

Of this new acquisition, Dr. Jan S. Ramirez, the Museum’s Chief Curator, notes, “Our collecting has always been attentive to the two terrorist assaults targeting the World Trade Center, eight and a half years apart. The enormity and tragic finality of the 2001 attacks may have eclipsed the precursor strike, but the 1993 bombing was lethal and shocking. The sentiments infusing this grassroots poster campaign (and we’d love to learn more about its origins) deflect fear with wry, contemporaneous New York City humor. But some — including investigators of the blast, security personnel at the World Trade Center, and others working at familiar landmark addresses – were not calmed into dismissing the bombing’s implications. “  

With the 29th anniversary of the bombing fresh in our memories and the Yankees' first spring training hopefully coming soon, we share the back story of this quintessentially New York ephemera. 

By 9/11 Memorial Staff

The Crystal Ball of Hope

The Crystal Ball of Hope

  • December 31, 2021
A large sphere made of unilluminated crystals and mult-colored light bulbs

Times Square New Year's Eve Ball, 2001. Courtesy Countdown Entertainment LLC.

Tonight we will say goodbye - just as we did on this date in 2001 - to a difficult year, while looking with great hope to the new one ahead.

Twenty years ago, as organizers of New York's New Year's Eve celebration, Countdown Entertainment and the Times Square Business Improvement District (now the Times Square Alliance) faced a unique challenge. Was it possible to commemorate the unfathomable loss of September 11 - less than four months earlier - while also celebrating the promise of 2002? 

The answer took the form of a redesigned New Year's Eve crystal ball, entitled "Hope for Healing." All 504 Waterford Crystal triangles adorning the iconic ball (6 feet in diameter and weighing over 1,000 pounds) would be replaced with newly crafted foliate-patterned crystals. One group would bear the names of the countries and regions from which 9/11 victims came; a second, the names of uniformed rescue units that lost members in the attacks; and a third, the hijacked flights and crash sites.

Rounded panel of engraved triangular crystals

Engraved crystal component, "Hope for Healing" New Year's Eve ball. 

In mid-December of 2001, Tom Cooke, Waterford Crystal's master engraver, travelled from Ireland to New York and set up shop at the Times Square Visitor Center. There, tourists and passersby could share in the commemoration as they watched him manually write out and then permanently etch the engravings into the crystals with a special drill. The ball descended over Times Square on the 31st, its brilliance symbolizing hope and reassuring the world. 

"Hope for Healing" fabricators donated the ball's engraved crystal triangles in 2011. Components of it were on display when the Museum opened.

Read our 2016 blog post about the very special New Year's Eve ball. 

May the shining light from this 2001 New Year's Eve ball carry us into 2022 as well. 

By 9/11 Memorial Staff

Ephemera: "Faces of Ground Zero"

Ephemera: "Faces of Ground Zero"

  • December 30, 2021

This marks the third in a series of guest blog posts from collector Michael Ragsdale, who has been amassing New York City event-specific ephemera and autographs since 1997. Ragsdale took up collecting as a hobby while working as a cameraman for C-SPAN, Columbia University, the Manhattan Institute, and the New York-Presbyterian Hospitals of Columbia and Cornell. Following September 11, he shifted his focus to items pertaining to the attacks and their aftermath. Here, he shares background on a brochure from the 2002 "Faces of Ground Zero" exhibition at Rockefeller Center. The life-sized Polaroids comprising that exhibition are now part of the Museum's collection: view a selection of them here

A bi-fold brochure shows a fireman holding his helmet on the left, and black ink on white paper on the left.
Courtesy Michael Ragsdale

Around the time of the first anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks, I visited the very special "Faces of Ground Zero" exhibition at Rockefeller Center. Exhibited in a huge tent were 9'x4' photographs of emergency workers, survivors, public figures, and relatives of victims of the attacks. 

The life-size photos were shot by Joe McNally during a three-week period shortly after 9/11, on a garage-size, unique Giant Polaroid camera at a studio near Ground Zero. Most of the images were of firefighters standing in full firefighter regalia holding axes, shovels, flashlights, or picks. 

"Faces of Ground Zero" was also exhibited in Boston and as far away as San Francisco and London. A companion photo book of the exhibition was published in 2002. To mark the 10th anniversary of the attacks, more than 50 images were put on display at the Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle. I also visited it. 

Ephemera: Sustaining Our Healing Spirit

Ephemera: Sustaining Our Healing Spirit

  • December 27, 2021

Today we're featuring the second in a series of guest blog posts from collector Michael Ragsdale, who has been amassing New York City event-specific ephemera and autographs since 1997. Ragsdale took up collecting as a hobby while working as a cameraman for C-SPAN, Columbia University, the Manhattan Institute, and the New York-Presbyterian Hospitals of Columbia and Cornell. Following September 11, he shifted his focus to items pertaining to the attacks and their aftermath. Below, he shares the story of an autographed flyer promoting a talk given by Carl Hammerschlag, MD, about healing from collective trauma. 

A flyer for a special event, featuring black type on white paper with a blue signature at the bottom
Courtesy Michael Ragsdale

I spent the morning of October 11, 2001 at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Cornell videotaping guest speaker Dr. Carl Hammerschlag, an internationally recognized author, physician, speaker, healer, and psychiatrist from Arizona. He was there to give a talk with slides to a conference room full of hospital nurses. 

What I recall most about it were his opening remarks, in which he thanked "everyone who on the morning of September 11 was ready and prepared to accept the injured from the World Trade Center.” He drew some tears. 

During his remarks he said, “September 11th reminded us of our vulnerability; we will not be the same for a while. We will wonder about low-flying airplanes and many of us may be tainted by fear.”

He also sang “Amazing Grace” in English and Choctaw, which he learned while working for 20 years with the Native American tribe.

He is a healer who “helps people transform their lives by showing them how to rise above their limitations, remove their roadblocks, rekindle their dreams and become the principal agents in their own professional and personal lives.”

Among his books are "The Dancing Healers," "The Theft of the Spirit," and "Healing Ceremonies." 

Afterward, I grabbed an official event flyer and got his autograph. 
 

Christmas on Top of the World

Christmas on Top of the World

  • December 25, 2021
A cream-colored bi-fold holiday dinner menu with green print

Christmas 1986 Windows on the World menu. Gift of Robyn Jackson.

Perspective is always a part of major milestones and holidays - we can't help but look around in different directions - behind us and in front of us. 

From the North Tower's 107th floor, the legendary Windows on the World restaurant had the same effect, offering astounding perspective and breathtaking views no matter which way a diner looked. It opened in April 1976, a glimmer of hope shining above a gritty New York City. Twenty-five years later on September 11, 2001, approximately 170 guests and employees lost their lives there. 

A single page holiday dinner menu, cream background with sage green snowflakes and black print

Christmas 1997 Windows on the World menu. Gift of the Rosas Family, Lima, Peru.

Historically, Windows on the World played a key role in the World Trade Center's holiday traditions, hosting the children of Port Authority employees at a Toys for Tots Christmas party. Each year, Santa would put in a cameo from aboard a window washer's hoist. 

The Museum's collection houses a number of Windows on the World relics like matchboxes, dishes and silverware, and souvenirs, all capturing a little bit of the glamorous restaurant's essence. These Christmas menus - from 1986 and 1997 - are themselves "windows" into the past. May they serve this holiday season as a nostalgic reminder of those we lost - while also inspiring us to look hopefully in all directions, including forward. 

By 9/11 Memorial Staff

Ephemera: David Halberstam Autograph

Ephemera: David Halberstam Autograph

  • December 22, 2021

We're proud to feature a series of guest blog posts from collector Michael Ragsdale, who has been amassing New York City event-specific ephemera and autographs since 1997. Ragsdale took up collecting as a hobby while working as a cameraman for C-SPAN, Columbia University, the Manhattan Institute, and the New York-Presbyterian Hospitals of Columbia and Cornell. Following September 11, he shifted his focus to items pertaining to the attacks and their aftermath. Today's installment tells the story of David Halberstam's autograph on a VHS label. 

Blue ink autograph of David Halberstam on a VHS videotape label

A co-worker and I were assigned to videotape famed author David Halberstam at his Manhattan studio in the later part of October 2001, while he was working on an article for Vanity Fair about an FDNY firehouse which lost several men on September 11, 2001. The B-roll footage we captured was used for a future program on BookTV titled, “In Depth with David Halberstam,” about the life and writing career of Halberstam. For three hours, C-SPAN’s Susan Swain spoke with him. 

We got shots of him writing, typing, checking his notes, contemplating what he was going to type next and shots of his studio - his desk, typewriter, shelves of books he wrote and read, and any mementos or statues he might possess. The program aired beginning on November 4, 2001. It was also a call-in show. 

Halberstam is known for his powerful journalist coverage of the Vietnam War, received a Pulitzer Prize in 1964 for his coverage of the war as a New York Times staff reporter, and wrote dozens of books. 

Because there was no program available, I secured his autograph on a video label. 

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